虚拟语气重点难点解析讲解与练习
2021-12-24 14:22:36
虚拟语气重点难点解析讲解与练习
虚拟语气的高考命题导向：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。真实语气与虚拟语气的区别主要在谓语动词的形式上。在做题时，要根据语境，判断出是与那种时态相反的虚拟语气。
一 虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表
从句 与现在事实相反 从句动词：过去式（be用were）；主句动词：should/would/could/might +动词原形 If he were here, he would help us.
与过去事实相反 从句动词：had +过去分词；主句动词：should/would/could/might +have +过去分词 If I had been free, I would have visited you.
与将来事实相反 从句动词：过去式/should +动词原形/were +不定式；主句动词:should/would/could/might +动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
其他状语从句 as if 引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式 They are talking as if they had been friends for years.
even if/though 引导的从句, 与现在将来/事实相反:从句动词用过去式,主句动词用should/would +动词原形。与过去事实相反:从句动词：had +过去分词；主句动词：should/would +have +过去分词 Even if they were to fail, they wouldn’t lose courage.
宾语从句 demand, suggest, order, insist等表命令、建议、要求后的从句中动词（should）+动词原形 He suggested that we not change our mind.
wish后的从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式和could/would+动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反 I wish I could be a pop singer.
主语从句 在It is necessary/important/strange that…, It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that…等从句中，谓语动词用（should）+动词原形 It is strange that such a person should be our friends.
表语从句和同位语从句 作idea, advice, order, demand, request等表命令、建议、要求的词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词用（should）+动词原形 My advice is that you (should) finish your homework first.The idea that you (should) go is right.
其他句型中 It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形 It’s high time that we left.
would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式 I would rather you stayed at home now.
If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望 If only our dream had come true!
二 其他要注意的事项
1. 虚拟语气中出现be的过去式，只能用were。
2. suggest表 “暗示、表明”和 insist表示 “坚持认为”,其后的宾语从句用陈述句语气。
例如：You pale face suggests that you are ill. / He insisted that he was right.
3. if虚拟语气条件句中如有had, should, were，可省略if, 将其提前引起倒装。
例如：Were I you, I would remain. / Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have missed it.
4. 可用with, but for代替虚拟语气条件句。
例如：But for your help. I would have failed the exam.
Without air there would be no life.
5. as if/though, even if/though也可以不用虚拟，表示真实的情况。
例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.
II、实战演练
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. ---If he ________________ (warn), he ________________ (not take) that food.
---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _________________ (break).
3. I would rather they _________________ (not hear) of the news.
4. I wish I _______________ (have) a room of my own when I was a child.
5. To the surprise of the public, the identification of the cause of such a simple event ___________________ (take) more than a year.
6. Without air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _______________ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay.
7. If I had worked harder at school, I _____________________(sit) in a comfortable office now.
8. Her pale face suggested that she _____________ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she _____________ (have) a medical examination.
9. I insisted he ____________ (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing __________ (be) wrong with him.
10. He asks that he _______________ (give) an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there.
11. It is high time we _____________ (get) down to discussing this plan.
12. If it were not for the fact that you ___________ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now.
13. Who do you suggest __________________ (send) to work there?
14. I would have come earlier, but I ________________ (not know) that you were waiting for me.
15. If it _______________ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled.
答案：1. had been warned; wouldn’t have taken 2. were broken 3. didn’t 4. had had 5. should have taken 6. would be 7. would be sitting 8. was; have 9. go; was 10. be given 11. got 12. are 13. be sent 14. didn’t know 15. should/were to rain
